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Massimo Airoldi / Polity / 2021年12月01日
《Machine Habitus: Toward a Sociology of Algorithms》一书由Massimo Airoldi所著，深入探讨了算法在当代社会中的角色与影响。本书挑战了我们对于社会由人类构成和驱动的传统观念，指出随着算法的普及和渗透，它们已成为塑造社会结构和行为的重要力量。Airoldi通过本书提出了“算法社会学”的构想，旨在理解算法如何影响我们的生活方式、决策过程和社会关系。书中不仅分析了算法的技术特性，还从社会学的角度审视了算法所带来的权力分配、信息控制和社会分层等议题。对于关心技术与社会关系的读者而言，本书提供了宝贵的思考和洞察。
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Summary
*Main Idea:* Establishes the need for a sociological approach to algorithms and introduces the concept of "machine habitus."
*Key Points:*
Current research on algorithms is mostly technical and lacks a deep understanding of social contexts.
The concept of habitus, borrowed from Bourdieu, helps understand how algorithms are not just technical objects but are also shaped by and shape social structures.
The book aims to delve into the social life of algorithms.
*Main Idea:* Explores how algorithms are embedded within broader social and cultural frameworks.
*Subtopics:*
*Technological Determinism* vs. *Sociotechnical Systems.*
The influence of societal norms, power dynamics, and legal frameworks on algorithmic design and implementation.
*Main Idea:* Describes the lifecycle of algorithms from creation to obsolescence.
*Key Points:*
Algorithm design as a creative process influenced by various stakeholders.
The role of testing, validation, and standardization in stabilizing algorithmic systems.
How algorithmic obsolescence reflects broader technological and societal changes.
*Main Idea:* Analyzes the agency of algorithms in contemporary society and their implications for power dynamics.
*Subtopics:*
Algorithms as active agents in decision-making processes.
Bias and discrimination in algorithmic systems and their social consequences.
The challenges of algorithmic accountability and governance.
*Main Idea:* Illustrates how machine habitus operates through case studies that show algorithms in various domains.
*Case Studies:*
Social media recommendation systems and their effects on user behavior.
Algorithmic trading and its impact on financial markets.
The use of predictive analytics in criminal justice.
*Main Idea:* Summarizes key findings and discusses directions for future research.
*Key Points:*
Machine habitus offers a framework for understanding algorithms as socio-technical phenomena.
Future research should focus on how algorithmic systems co-evolve with societal changes.
The ethical and political implications of algorithmically mediated social practices remain an open question.
