Webern Studies (Cambridge Composer Studies) - Bailey, Kathryn 编

• 第一章: Webern and the Twentieth Century

  • 1.1 The Musical Language of Webern

    • **Chromaticism**: Webern's music is characterized by extensive use of chromaticism, breaking free from traditional tonality.

    • **Atonality**: His compositions explore atonality, using serial techniques to organize pitch structures.

    • **Sparsity**: Webern's music is known for its extreme economy of materials, with brief, condensed phrases.

  • 1.2 The Evolution of Webern's Style

    • **Early Works**: Influenced by late Romanticism and expressionism.

    • **Middle Period**: Introduction of serialism and development of pointillistic style.

    • **Late Works**: Extreme reductionism, increasing abstraction and experimentation with form.

• 第二章: Serialism and Webern's Compositions

  • 2.1 Twelve-Tone Method

    • **Principle of Equality**: All twelve notes of the octave are given equal importance.

    • **Row Formations**: Different ordering of the twelve tones create various row forms.

    • **Combinatoriality**: Exploring all possible combinations of notes in a row to generate musical material.

  • 2.2 Webern's Application of Serialism

    • **Rigorous Organization**: Serial principles applied to rhythm, dynamics, and articulation as well as pitch.

    • **Innovation in Phrase Structure**: Creating new forms through the arrangement and interplay of small melodic units.

• 第三章: Webern's Impact on Contemporary Music

  • 3.1 Influence on Serialism and Post-Serialism

    • **Development of Serial Thought**: Webern's work informed later composers like Boulez and Stockhausen.

    • **Innovative Techniques**: Pointillism, Klangfarbenmelodie (tone-color melody), and serial orchestration.

  • 3.2 Webern and the Avant-Garde

    • **Dissonant Counterpoint**: Use of dissonance and intricate counterpoint as structural elements.

    • **Musical Minimalism**: Predecessor to minimalist composers through his exploration of stillness and silence.

• 第四章: Analysis of Selected Works

  • 4.1 "Fünf Sätze" Op. 5

    • **Structural Integrity**: Each movement employs strict serial techniques while maintaining a sense of musical structure and coherence.

    • **Textural Variety**: Use of solo instruments, chamber ensembles, and full orchestra to create contrasting textures.

  • 4.2 "Variationen für Orchester" Op. 30

    • **Variational Techniques**: Each variation offers a unique perspective on the theme through manipulation of serial elements.

    • **Orchestrational Mastery**: Delicate balance between transparency and rich orchestral color.