Summary of the book "The Biography of Confucius"Chapter 1: Confucius&39; Family Background and ChildhoodSection 1: Origin of Confucius&39; Family - Key Point 1: Confucius&39; family originated from the State of Song and was a descendant of the royal family of the Shang Dynasty. - Key Point 2: Confucius&39; great-grandfather Kong Fangshu moved to the State of Lu for refuge. Section 2: Confucius&39; Father - Kong Qi - Key Point 1: Kong Qi was a warrior and a virtuous official. - Key Point 2: Kong Qi had a son in his old age and was extremely fond of Confucius. Section 3: Confucius&39; Early Education - Key Point 1: Confucius received a good family education since he was young and learned etiquette and music. - Key Point 2: Confucius had a strong interest in traditional ritual and music culture. Chapter 2: Confucius&39; Official CareerSection 1: Confucius&39; Political Ideal - Key Point 1: Confucius pursued a society with morality and advocated a social order where the ruler is the ruler, the minister is the minister, the father is the father, and the son is the son. - Key Point 2: Confucius advocated the doctrine of the mean and emphasized the principle of moderation. Section 2: Confucius&39; political practice in Lu- Key Point 1: Confucius once served as a minor official and actively promoted his political ideas. - Key Point 2: Confucius tried to restore the Zhou rituals of Lu, but encountered resistance. Section 3: Traveling around the countries and seeking the way- Key Point 1: Confucius left Lu and began a fourteen-year-long travel around the countries. - Key Point 2: Despite repeated setbacks, Confucius insisted on spreading his political and moral ideas. Chapter 3: Confucius&39; educational achievementsSection 1: The pioneer of private lectures- Key Point 1: Confucius pioneered the trend of private lectures and was the founder of private education. - Key Point 2: Confucius attached great importance to education and believed that education should be open to everyone. Section 2: Confucius&39; disciples- Key Point 1: Confucius had many disciples, including many wise men, such as Yan Hui and Zilu. - Key Point 2: Confucius&39;s teaching method focuses on heuristic teaching and cultivating his disciples&39; independent thinking ability. Section 3: Confucius and the Six Arts - Key Point 1: Confucius taught his disciples the Six Arts (ritual, music, archery, charioteering, calligraphy, and mathematics) to fully develop people&39;s talents. - Key Point 2: Confucius emphasized learning for practical use and combining knowledge with practice. Chapter 4: Confucius&39; Ideological SystemSection 1: The Doctrine of Ren - Key Point 1: Ren is the core of Confucius&39;s thought, which includes good deeds for people and care for society. - Key Point 2: Confucius believes that Ren is the nature and ideal state of man. Section 2: The Doctrine of the Mean - Key Point 1: The Doctrine of the Mean emphasizes moderation in behavior and avoids extremes. - Key Point 2: The Doctrine of the Mean is a philosophical thought and also a life attitude. Section 3: The Importance of Rites and Music - Key Point 1: Rites are a symbol of social order, and music is a tool to harmonize people&39;s hearts. - Key Point 2: Confucius believed that ritual and music were important means to maintain social stability. Chapter 5: Confucius and the Influence on Later GenerationsSection 1: Confucius&39; Historical Status- Key Point 1: Confucius was revered as the "Great Sage and Teacher" by later generations, which had a profound impact on China and even the East Asian cultural circle. - Key Point 2: Confucius&39; thoughts became the cornerstone of the Confucian school and influenced China&39;s politics, education and culture. Section 2: Confucius&39; International Influence- Key Point 1: Confucius&39; thoughts have an important influence not only in China, but also in countries such as Japan, South Korea, and Vietnam. - Key Point 2: The establishment of Confucius Institutes has enabled Confucius&39; thoughts to be spread and studied around the world.

Select 20 wonderful sentences or paragraphs from "The Biography of Confucius" and output them as follows according to your requirements: 1. "Isn't it a pleasure to learn and practice it from time to time?" This sentence expresses the fun and continuity of learning. Confucius believes that timely review and practice after learning is a pleasant thing. 2. "When three people walk together, there must be one who can be my teacher." This reflects Confucius' humble and studious attitude. He believes that everyone has something worth learning. 3. "Those who know are not as good as those who like it, and those who like it are not as good as those who enjoy it." Confucius emphasized the importance of love and interest in learning. Knowing is not as good as liking it, and liking is not as good as enjoying it. 4. "I examine myself three times a day: Am I unfaithful when I work for others? Am I untrustworthy when I make friends? Do I practice what I have learned?" This sentence shows Confucius' spirit of self-reflection. He reflects on whether he is loyal, trustworthy, and diligent every day. 5. "Reviewing the old and understanding the new can make you a teacher." Confucius believes that by reviewing old knowledge, you can understand new principles, and such people can be teachers. 6. “The gentleman is harmonious but different, the villain is the same but not harmonious.” This sentence explains the relationship between harmony and difference. The gentleman can live in harmony while maintaining differences, while the villain is consistent on the surface but not harmonious in his heart. 7. “Do not impose on others what you do not want others to do to you.” This is the “forgiveness” advocated by Confucius, and it is also the core of his ethical thought, that is, do not do to others what you do not want others to do. 8. “Learning without thinking will lead to confusion, thinking without learning will lead to danger.” Confucius emphasized the combination of learning and thinking. Only learning without thinking will lead to confusion, and only thinking without learning will lead to danger. 9. “Seeing a virtuous person, think about being like him, and seeing an unvirtuous person, reflect on yourself.” When you see a virtuous person, think about being like him, and when you see an unvirtuous person, reflect on whether you have the same problem. 10. “To know what you know, and to know what you do not know, is knowledge.” To know is to know, and to not know is to not know, this is true wisdom. 11. “A man of high aspirations and a love of learning is not ashamed to ask questions from those who are lower in status or knowledge than himself.” This sentence praises the attitude of being diligent and studious, and not ashamed to ask questions from those who are lower in status or knowledge than himself. 12. “A man of high aspirations and a benevolent character will not seek life at the expense of benevolence, but will sacrifice himself to achieve benevolence.” A man of high aspirations and a benevolent character will not seek life at the expense of benevolence, but will sacrifice himself to achieve benevolence. 13. “Only in the cold of the year can we see that pine and cypress are the last to wither.” In the cold of the year, we can see that pine and cypress are the last to wither, which is a metaphor that a person’s character can only be seen in difficult circumstances. 14. “If a craftsman wants to do his work well, he must first sharpen his tools.” If a craftsman wants to do his work well, he must first sharpen his tools, which is a metaphor that preparation is very important to do a job well. 15. “If a man does not think long-term, he will surely have immediate worries.” If a person does not think long-term, he will surely have immediate worries. 16. “The commander of an army can be taken away, but the ambition of an ordinary person cannot be taken away.” The commander of an army can be taken away, but the ambition of an ordinary person cannot be taken away. 17. “If one’s behavior is upright, he will act without orders; if one’s behavior is not upright, people will not obey even if they give orders.” If one’s behavior is upright, things can be carried out without issuing orders; if one’s behavior is not upright, people will not obey even if they issue orders. 18. “I once did not eat all day and did not sleep all night to think, but it was useless. It is better to study.” I once did not eat all day and did not sleep all night to think, but it was useless. It is better to study. 19. “To make a mistake and not correct it is a mistake.” To make a mistake and not correct it is a real mistake. 20. “A gentleman should be slow in speech and quick in action.” A gentleman should be cautious in speech and quick in action.

Bao Pengshan: The author of The Biography of Confucius, a learned scholar Bao Pengshan, a famous historian and writer, is known for his in-depth research on ancient Chinese history and culture.< His book The Biography of Confucius is a biography that explores the life and thoughts of Confucius in depth, which has been widely praised and well received.

1.< Personal basic information Bao Pengshan, male, Han nationality, born in 1957, native of Jiangsu Province, China.

2.< Education and professional background Bao Pengshan graduated from the History Department of Peking University with a doctorate in history.

He taught at Peking University and later became a professor and doctoral supervisor at the History Department of Peking University.< 3.

Writing career Bao Pengshan's writing career began in the 1980s, and his works cover many fields such as history, philosophy, and literature.< His works include The Spirit of Chinese History and A Brief History of Chinese Philosophy.

4.< Work style and theme Bao Pengshan's works are known for their rigorous academic attitude, easy-to-understand style, and deep understanding of ancient Chinese culture.

The themes of his works mostly focus on ancient Chinese history and culture, especially Confucianism.< 5.

Personal life Bao Pengshan is a person who loves life and scholarship.< He lives a simple and fulfilling life, and devotes most of his time to academic research and writing.

6.< Social influence Bao Pengshan's works have had a profound impact on the study of ancient Chinese history and culture.

His works have received widespread attention and praise not only in China but also internationally.< 7.

Quotations and comments "The Biography of Confucius" was named "The Book of the Year" by the People's Daily and recommended by many historians and cultural scholars.< The famous historian Li Xueqin commented that Bao Pengshan's works are "easy to understand and insightful".

8.< Latest developments Bao Pengshan is still teaching at the Department of History of Peking University and continues to conduct research on ancient Chinese history and culture.

His latest book, "History of Ancient Chinese Culture", is about to be published.< In general, Bao Pengshan is a learned and respected scholar.

His work "The Biography of Confucius" is a biography that explores Confucius' life and thoughts in depth, and it is worth reading for every reader interested in ancient Chinese culture.