Summary of the book "Biography of Wittgenstein"Chapter 1: Early Life1.1 Wittgenstein&39;s Family Background- The Wittgenstein family was a prominent family during the Austro-Hungarian Empire. - His father, Karl Wittgenstein, was a steel industry magnate, and his mother, Leopoldina, had a profound artistic accomplishment. 1.2 Early Education- Wittgenstein was educated under the guidance of a tutor, and dabbled in music, engineering, and philosophy. - He studied engineering at the Technical University of Berlin, and later developed a strong interest in mathematics and logic. Chapter 2: Time in Cambridge2.1 Meeting with Russell- Wittgenstein went to Trinity College, Cambridge University, and became a student of Bertrand Russell. - Russell was impressed by his logical and philosophical talents. 2.2 Discussion of Logical Philosophy- Wittgenstein mainly studied logical philosophy during this period, and his thoughts were deeply influenced by mathematical logic. Chapter 3: World War I and Philosophical Creation3.1 Thinking in World War I- Wittgenstein participated in World War I, and his experience in the war influenced his philosophical thinking. - During the war, he began to conceive the main ideas of "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus". 3.2 Completion and publication of "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus"- Wittgenstein completed "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus" and regarded it as the final summary of his philosophical thinking. - The book was prefaced by Russell and published in 1921. Chapter 4: Professor Career and Spiritual Crisis4.1 Teaching Career in Rural Austria- Wittgenstein left Cambridge University and worked as an elementary school teacher in a small town in Austria. - The teaching experience made him pay more attention to the role of language in daily communication. 4.2 Mental Problems and Solutions- Wittgenstein suffered from mental problems during this period. - These experiences of his were reflected in his later works, such as "Philosophical Investigations". Chapter 5: Teaching and Thinking in His Later Years5.1 Academic Activities Before and After World War II - Wittgenstein taught at Cambridge University and other universities before and after World War II. - His teaching activities and seminars attracted many important philosophers to participate. 5.2 Further Exploration of Language - In his later years, Wittgenstein thought more deeply about the philosophy of language. - The book "Philosophical Investigations" is the crystallization of his thoughts during this period. Summary "The Biography of Wittgenstein" records in detail the life and thoughts of this great philosopher. From his prominent family background to his lonely student life, to his profound thinking during the war, and his in-depth exploration of language and philosophy in his later years, this book comprehensively presents Wittgenstein&39;s lifelong philosophical journey and personal struggles. Ray Monk&39;s delicate and profound writing allows readers to glimpse into the inner world of this genius philosopher.

The book "Wittgenstein: Genius as Responsibility" describes in detail the life and thoughts of philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. The following are 20 wonderful sentences or paragraphs selected from the book, which are profound, unique, beautiful, wise, or creative. These sentences or paragraphs will be divided into three parts (because you asked to output them according to numbers 1, 2, and 3, but there is a lot of content here, so I will divide them into three parts to meet the format requirements): Part I 1. "Philosophy is not a doctrine, but an activity." ——This sentence reflects Wittgenstein's unique understanding of philosophy and emphasizes the practicality and activity of philosophy. 2. "The limits of the world are the limits of language." ——Wittgenstein's words reveal the close relationship between language and the cognitive world. 3. "One should remain silent about things that cannot be discussed." ——This sentence is not only a portrayal of Wittgenstein's personal character, but also reflects his understanding of the boundaries of philosophical discussion. 4. "The real discovery is that when I want to say that I can't say it, I have already said it." ——This sentence is philosophical and points out the paradox of language expression. 5. "The limits of my language mean the limits of my world." - This sentence further explains the relationship between language and cognition, and also shows Wittgenstein's profound self-reflection. 6. "Philosophy should set limits for what can be thought, and thus also for what cannot be thought." - Wittgenstein set the task and goal for philosophical research here. Part II 7. "Everything that can be said can be said clearly; what cannot be said must be kept silent." - This is the essence of Wittgenstein's early philosophical thought, reflecting the influence of logical positivism. 8. "Logic is the fixed limit of the world, and outside of logic, like outside of the world, is chaos." - Wittgenstein emphasized the fundamental role of logic in the cognitive world. 9. "If our words are meaningful, it means that our language can describe facts. And the sum of facts is the world." - This sentence explains the relationship between language, meaning and the world. 10. "My work consists of two parts: what is written here plus everything I didn't write." - Wittgenstein's words are both humorous and profound, pointing out the meaning space beyond words. 11. "My entire philosophical work is a continuous effort to understand how we can be given meaning." - This sentence reveals the core concern of Wittgenstein's philosophy. 12. "I firmly believe that the correct method of philosophy should be this: apart from what can be said, that is, the propositions of natural science - that is, something that has nothing to do with philosophy, there is nothing to say." - Wittgenstein has delimited philosophy here, and also foreshadowed the shift in his later philosophical thought. Part III 13. "One must go beyond these words before seeing the world." - Wittgenstein's words encourage people to go beyond the constraints of language and experience the world directly. 14. "Life is difficult to deal with, and philosophy is an escape from it." - This sentence expresses Wittgenstein's view on philosophy in a self-deprecating way. 15. "My work in philosophy is to clear the ground and clear away misunderstandings." - Wittgenstein describes his philosophical work here as a kind of clarification and purification. 16. "If we cannot understand a thought, then this thought does not exist for us." - This sentence emphasizes the role of the necessity of understanding in cognition. 17. "All my works, including this one, should be regarded as a joke." - Wittgenstein's words reflect his modesty and self-deprecating attitude towards his own philosophical works. 18. "In philosophy, the winner of the competition is the person who can run the slowest. Or: the last person to arrive." - This sentence reveals the slowness and difficulty of philosophical research in a humorous way. 19. "Philosophy should be a struggle against the confusing effect of language and against the use of language as magic." - Wittgenstein set the task of resisting the confusion of language for philosophy. 20. "There is only one real philosophical problem, and that is suicide. Judging whether life is worth experiencing is itself a way to answer the fundamental question of philosophy." - This sentence raises the ultimate question of philosophy in an extreme way, reflecting Wittgenstein's profound and unique understanding of philosophy.

Title: Ray Monk: Exploring the Life of the Genius Wittgenstein Ray Monk is a British writer and philosopher, best known for his biography of the famous philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein.< In this article, we will take a closer look at this talented author from many perspectives.

Basic Personal Information Ray Monk was born in 1957 and is a British writer and philosopher.< He has a strong interest in philosophy and literature, which is fully reflected in his works.

Education and Career Background Monk was educated at Cambridge University and obtained a doctorate in philosophy.< His academic background laid a solid foundation for his later writing career.

Before becoming a professional writer, Monk served as a professor of philosophy at several universities.< Writing Career Ray Monk's writing career began in the 1980s.

His works are mainly concentrated in the field of philosophy, especially on the study of Wittgenstein.

His first biography on Wittgenstein, Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Duty of Genius, was published in 1990 and received wide acclaim.< Style and subject of work Monk's writing style is known for its rigor, depth and detail.

His works usually involve philosophy, biography and history of ideas.< The biography of Wittgenstein is his most famous work, showing his deep understanding of the philosopher's life and thoughts.

Personal life There is less public information about Ray Monk's personal life.< However, it can be seen from his works that he is a person who is passionate about philosophy and is committed to spreading philosophical ideas through writing.

Social influence Ray Monk's biography of Wittgenstein has a profound impact on society.< This work not only provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of Wittgenstein, but also stimulates interest in philosophy and history of ideas.

Many authoritative media and experts have given high praise to this biography.< Quotes and evaluation The New York Times Book Review praised Monk's biography as "an outstanding work about Wittgenstein, full of profound insights and love of philosophy".

In addition, Monk's biography also won the Duff Cooper Prize in the UK.< Latest developments Ray Monk continues to be active in the fields of philosophy and literature.

His latest work, Robert Oppenheimer: A Life Inside the Center, published in 2021, once again demonstrates his deep insight into complex people and ideas.< Through this article, we have a more comprehensive understanding of Ray Monk, a talented author.

His work not only provides us with valuable information about Wittgenstein, but also stimulates our interest in philosophy and the history of ideas.